Common throughout forest and shrub communities.

Common in forest

Local near the trig.

Abundant in forest

A few plants seen in forest.

Locally common, although possibly retreating back to the bluffs and other high-light situations, as the forest continues continues to grow.

Locally common in forest, in high-light situations.

Wild in the empty Hilgendorf greyfield.

Wild in the empty Hilgendorf greyfield.

Corner of Hill Cres and Portage Rd.

One small patch out front of 179 Portage Rd.

They grow in the dried land which surprises me. the area seems to get more exposure in the sunshine and this species could still grow high

In Whakarewarewa Forest Park. Seedling under European larch planted in 1908. Nearest adults are 5 km away.

Plants growing abundantly on river boulders and the edge of the river. Most had finished flowering. Low river water level.