Observations by michaela_staite

HYMENOPTERA -
Winged insects. With two pairs of wings, or fore wings not membranous. Fore wings and hind wings usually similar in texture and structure. Wings largely transparent or covered with fine hair. Mouthparts not a piercing-sucking beak and normally situated at the front of the head. Antennae conspicuous and of different forms. Wings with few veins and cross veins with larger cells. Tarsi usually five-segmented, fore wings larger than hind wings, abdomen usually constricted at base.
Apocrita -
Base of abdomen constricted, the abdomen petiolate; hind wing with 2 or fewer closed basal cells.
POMPILIDAE -
Antennae variable; wings fully developed, shortened or absent. Pronotum reaching back to tegula. Venation complete or nearly so, i.e., fore wings with 6 or more closed cells and hind wings with at least 1 closed cell. Hind trochanters 1-segmented, antennae usually 12- segmented in female, 13-segmented in male; ovipositor short, issuing from apex of abdomen and usually withdrawn into abdomen when not in use. Forewings not naturally folded longitudinally; lateral pronotum overlapping mesopleuron with considerable free movement; mesopleuron with a transverse suture; legs long, hind femur and tibia usually extending beyond tip of abdomen.

HEMIPTERA –
Winged insects. With two pairs of wings, or fore wings not membranous. Fore wing not hard. Fore wings and hind wings different in texture and structure, forewing horny or leathery, hind wing membranous. Fore wings thick and leathery at base, without veins; membranous at tip. Mouthparts forming a sucking beak.
AUCHENORRHYNCHA -
Fore wings, when present of more or less uniform texture, without sharp differentiation into a basal sclerotized corium and an apical membrane, usually held roof-wise over body; insertion of labium (elongate hind mouthpart into which the sucking stylets fit) close to prosternum. Tarsi with 3 segments.
FULGOROIDEA –
Mid coxae elongate, widely separated; pedicel of antennae (2nd segment) enlarged, often bulbous, with numerous wart-like sensilla.
FLATIDAE -
Hind tibia without large moveable spur; macropterous forms. Hind tarsomere II small with rounded or acute apex bearing at most 1 ablateral and 1 adlateral spine. Hind tarsomere II with 1 ablateral and 1 adlateral spine apically; forewing granulate between anal veins.
Siphanta Stal -
Vertex large, flat, and projecting anteriorly; colour green or yellowish

HYMENOPTERA -
Winged insects. With two pairs of wings, or fore wings not membranous. Fore wings and hind wings usually similar in texture and structure. Wings largely transparent or covered with fine hair. Mouthparts not a piercing-sucking beak and normally situated at the front of the head. Antennae conspicuous and of different forms. Wings with few veins and cross veins with larger cells. Tarsi usually five-segmented, fore wings larger than hind wings, abdomen usually constricted at base.
Apocrita -
Base of abdomen constricted, the abdomen petiolate; hind wing with 2 or fewer closed basal cells.
APOIDEA -
Antennae variable: wings fully developed, shortened or absent. Pronotum not reaching back to tegula. Lateral pronotum with a rounded lobe fringed with fine hairs (= spiracle cover lobe), sometimes obscured by dense hairs. First segment of hind tarsus elongate, as long or longer than remaining segments combined, usually thickened and flattened; some body hairs (usually on thorax) branched or plumose; abdomen never petiolate.
APIDAE -
Forewing with 3 submarginal cell. Basal vein of forewing straight or only slightly arched; jugal lobe of hindwing about the same length or shorter than submedian cell. Stigma never longer than half the length of the second submarginal cell.

LEPIDOPTERA-
Winged insects. With two pairs of wings. Fore wings and hind wings usually similar in texture and structure. Wings partially, or more often entirely covered with microscopic overlapping scales. Mouthparts usually in the form of a coiled proboscis.
NOCTUOIDEA -
Antenna apically tapered; flagellar segments various, often pectinate, serrate or long-setose forewing with a jugum or retinaculum. Forewing and hindwing with dissimilar venation, i.e. hindwing with two or fewer radial veins; forewing with a retinaculum. Tympanal organs present; externally visible in region of thoraco-abdominal junction. Usually with a scaled collar, divided on dorsal midline between head and metathorax. Chaetosemata absent; typanum directed posteriorly, tympanol membrane on metathorax forewings often more rectangular; usually compact stout moths with stout bodies.

LEPIDOPTERA-
Winged insects. With two pairs of wings. Fore wings and hind wings usually similar in texture and structure. Wings partially, or more often entirely covered with microscopic overlapping scales. Mouthparts usually in the form of a coiled proboscis.
PAPILIONOIDEA –
Antenna apically clubbed, the flagellar segments cylindrical, never pectinate, or long-setose; forewing lacking a jugum or retinaculum; diurnal, broad-winged brightly patterned Lepidoptera (butterflies)
NYMPHALIDAE –
Eyes entire, contiguous with antennal socket, fore leg abbreviated non-functional often brush-like in both sexes.
DANAINAE –
Discal cell of fore wing not completely closed distally by tubular veins. Wing colour and markings different. Tarsal claws of mid and hind legs very strongly developed, almost as long as last tarsal segment. Strongly marked species, commonly orange, black and white, with veins outlined in black.

LEPIDOPTERA-
Winged insects. With two pairs of wings. Fore wings and hind wings usually similar in texture and structure. Wings partially, or more often entirely covered with microscopic overlapping scales. Mouthparts usually in the form of a coiled proboscis.
PAPILIONOIDEA –
Antenna apically clubbed, the flagellar segments cylindrical, never pectinate, or long-setose; forewing lacking a jugum or retinaculum; diurnal, broad-winged brightly patterned Lepidoptera (butterflies)
LYCAENIDAE -
Tarsal claws rarely bifid. Eyes notched or emarginate at base of antennae, or at least eye and edge of antennal socket contiguous.

LEPIDOPTERA-
Winged insects. With two pairs of wings. Fore wings and hind wings usually similar in texture and structure. Wings partially, or more often entirely covered with microscopic overlapping scales. Mouthparts usually in the form of a coiled proboscis.
PAPILIONOIDEA –
Antenna apically clubbed, the flagellar segments cylindrical, never pectinate, or long-setose; forewing lacking a jugum or retinaculum; diurnal, broad-winged brightly patterned Lepidoptera (butterflies)
PIERIDAE -
Tarsal claws bifid, fore legs fully developed and functional.

COLEOPTERA -
Winged insects, fore wings not membranous.
Fore wings hard and horny in texture, meeting
in a straight line without overlapping and usually
concealing membranous hind wings (certain forms
have the hind wings vestigial or absent)
Abdomen without forceps-like cerci.
POLYPHAGA -
Prothorax without visible notopleural sutures; hind coxae moveable, not fused with metasternum and not dividing the basal abdominal sternite into two lateral pieces; hind trochanters without posterior lateral extensions. Larval legs 4-segmented, with the last segment forming a single claw-like structure, or legs absent.
COCCINELLIDAE -
Antennae lacking an asymmetrical club of the type described above; legs not usually adapted for digging. Elytra usually covering all or nearly all dorsal surface of abdomen. Tarsal segmentation 3-3-3 or apparently 3-3-3; convex, often strikingly marked or coloured beetles; antennae with 3-segmented club.

COLEOPTERA -
Winged insects, fore wings not membranous.
Fore wings hard and horny in texture, meeting
in a straight line without overlapping and usually
concealing membranous hind wings (certain forms
have the hind wings vestigial or absent)
Abdomen without forceps-like cerci.
POLYPHAGA -
Prothorax without visible notopleural sutures; hind coxae moveable, not fused with metasternum and not dividing the basal abdominal sternite into two lateral pieces; hind trochanters without posterior lateral extensions. Larval legs 4-segmented, with the last segment forming a single claw-like structure, or legs absent.
COCCINELLIDAE -
Antennae lacking an asymmetrical club of the type described above; legs not usually adapted for digging. Elytra usually covering all or nearly all dorsal surface of abdomen. Tarsal segmentation 3-3-3 or apparently 3-3-3; convex, often strikingly marked or coloured beetles; antennae with 3-segmented club.

COLEOPTERA -
Winged insects, fore wings not membranous.
Fore wings hard and horny in texture, meeting
in a straight line without overlapping and usually
concealing membranous hind wings (certain forms
have the hind wings vestigial or absent)
Abdomen without forceps-like cerci.
POLYPHAGA -
Prothorax without visible notopleural sutures; hind coxae moveable, not fused with metasternum and not dividing the basal abdominal sternite into two lateral pieces; hind trochanters without posterior lateral extensions. Larval legs 4-segmented, with the last segment forming a single claw-like structure, or legs absent.
COCCINELLIDAE -
Antennae lacking an asymmetrical club of the type described above; legs not usually adapted for digging. Elytra usually covering all or nearly all dorsal surface of abdomen. Tarsal segmentation 3-3-3 or apparently 3-3-3; convex, often strikingly marked or coloured beetles; antennae with 3-segmented club.

HYMENOPTERA -
Winged insects. With two pairs of wings, or fore wings not membranous. Fore wings and hind wings usually similar in texture and structure. Wings largely transparent or covered with fine hair. Mouthparts not a piercing-sucking beak and normally situated at the front of the head. Antennae conspicuous and of different forms. Wings with few veins and cross veins with larger cells. Tarsi usually five-segmented, fore wings larger than hind wings, abdomen usually constricted at base.
Apocrita -
Base of abdomen constricted, the abdomen petiolate; hind wing with 2 or fewer closed basal cells.
VESPIDAE -
First abdominal segment not as above; antennae variable; wings fully developed, shortened or absent. Pronotum reaching back to tegula. Venation complete or nearly so, i.e., fore wings with 6 or more closed cells and hind wings with at least 1 closed cell. Hind trochanters 1-segmented; antennae usually 12- segmented in female, 13-segmented in male; ovipositor short, issuing from apex of abdomen and usually withdrawn into abdomen when not in use. forewings naturally folded longitudinally at rest; lateral pronotum and mesopleuron meeting without overlapping and with very little free movement between them; mesopleuron lacking transverse suture; legs not exceptionally long

HEMIPTERA –
Winged insects. With two pairs of wings, or fore wings not membranous. Fore wing not hard. Fore wings and hind wings different in texture and structure, forewing horny or leathery, hind wing membranous. Fore wings thick and leathery at base, without veins; membranous at tip. Mouthparts forming a sucking beak.
HETEROPTERA –
Fore wings, known as hemelytra, when fully developed, with a basal thickened corium and an apical membrane usually folding flat over abdomen; insertion of labium remote from prosternum
PENTATOMIDAE -
Antennae exposed and visible from above, as long as, usually longer than head
Body rarely much flattened; hemelytra when present usually extending to edge of abdomen; tarsi usually 3-segmented. Scutellum large, reaching or surpassing posterior end of clavus body ovoid or shield shaped. Tibiae lacking numerous strong spines. Tarsi 3-segmented.
Dictyotus caenosus -
Bucculae elongate, ending well behind antennifers; first segment of rostrum lodged for its whole length in groove between bucculae, rostrum slender. Front of head consisting of three lobes, outer lobes longer than inner lobe and largely enclosing it in front. Lateral edge of abdomen with alternate bands of pale and darl coloration.

MANTODEA -
Winged insects, wings sometimes hard and opaque
covering some or all of the abdomen.
With two pairs of wings, or fore wings not membranous.
Fore wings and hind wings different in texture and structure, forewing horny or leathery, hind wing
Membranous.
Fore wings leathery and with veins throughout, with chewing or sucking
Mouthparts.
Hind legs not so enlarged.
Insects not dorsoventrally flattened but markedly
elongate, usually more than three times as long
as wide. Fore legs raptorial prothorax usually narrow and elongate.
MANTIDAE -
Pronotum broad, as wide as head, more or less straight sides and with lateral carinae, forelegs with inner
surface of coxae uniformly yellow, femur with conspicuous vivid blue patch on inner surface.
Orthodera novaezealandiae (Colenso)

37mm in length

MANTODEA -
Winged insects, wings sometimes hard and opaque
covering some or all of the abdomen.
With two pairs of wings, or fore wings not membranous.
Fore wings and hind wings different in texture and structure, forewing horny or leathery, hind wing
Membranous.
Fore wings leathery and with veins throughout, with chewing or sucking
Mouthparts.
Hind legs not so enlarged.
Insects not dorsoventrally flattened but markedly
elongate, usually more than three times as long
as wide. Fore legs raptorial prothorax usually narrow and elongate.
MANTIDAE -
Pronotum narrower than head, with a node or swelling in front of middle, lateral carinae absent; forelegs with
4-6 dark spots on inner surface of coxae, femurs lacking vivid blue patches.
Miomantis caffra Saussure

36mm in length

COLEOPTERA -
Winged insects, fore wings not membranous.
Fore wings hard and horny in texture, meeting
in a straight line without overlapping and usually
concealing membranous hind wings (certain forms
have the hind wings vestigial or absent)
Abdomen without forceps-like cerci.
ADEPHAGA -
Prothorax with visible notopleural sutures; hind
coxae fused with metasternum and dividing the basal
abdominal sternite into two lateral pieces; hind trochanters
often with posterior lateral extensions (like jellybeans).
CARABIDAE -
Hind coxae not extending laterally to meet elytra;
antennae except basal segments, clothed with short
dense pubescence (hairs); body with scattered projecting
sensory setae; terrestrial.
CARABINAE -
Mouthparts more or less prognathous (pointing forwards),
mandibles rarely obviously sickle-shaped; colour usually
black or brown, sometimes with greenish reflections.
lacking obvious white setae.
Pterostichini -
Prothorax not strongly tapered towards the elytra.
Mandibles lacking a seta in the scrobe; some species
considerably longer than 10 mm.
Elytral margins “crossed”, usually large robust
species often more than 10 mm in length

24mm in length